colonial hegemony, and dominated Europe. British Industrial Revolution the fast development of capitalism (in -19 century 18th century) 1. From the 1760s to the 1840s began, from the invention of the cotton linen sector and the use of current machines began apt appear the machine fabrication manufacture, Britain completed the premier and the premier industrial revolution,
replica shoes, the world's first industrial nation and the strength was quite fashionable. Industrial revolution has greatly promoted the social fruitful forces, the rapid development of industrial capitalism, meantime causing important changes in social building, the growing split into 2 rival social classes - the industrial bourgeoisie and the proletariat. 2. With the development of industrial capitalism, the bourgeoisie has grown. On the 1 hand, they are under the feudal autocratic system in Vienna discontent, inquiring as extra participation in national political life, actively pursued because political rights, lavish reforms and the revolutionary manoeuvre. Such for the 1832 reform of the UK Parliament, via peaceful means extra bourgeois right. On the other hand, to consolidate and reinforce their own political, economic rank, strongly disapproved to the bourgeois state intervention in economic life, requires beyond contact with the feudal chains, achieve free competition,
replica handbags, free corporation and free commerce. 1776 3. The growing industrial proletariat against the bourgeoisie, rebuttal. 1836, the British treaty activity is a product of the intensification of conflicts, it marks the opening the British proletariat for an independent coerce entered the political arena. 4. To meet the needs of industrial development and the bourgeoisie, through the establishment of colonial, semi-colonial manner, seize raw materials, develop the commodity mart. Such as: full possession of the mid-19th century India, occupation of Singapore; launching two Opium Wars against China, Gezhan Hong Kong, the Chinese began to chance semi-colonial; in Oceania, along to Australia and New Zealand; in Africa, the British forces into Egypt ; in Latin USA countries to step up to the new economic invasion. 5. During this period, in mandate to prevent French hegemony in Europe, the United Kingdom systematized anti-French alliance interference French Revolution. American independence the British lost the early 17th century the establishment of the 1830s North American Atlantic beach and the 13 colonies of New France. Bourgeois revolution in modern British history began in the 17th century bourgeois revolution in Yeying Guo. This namely the British establishment and development of the capitalist system of the period. In 1603, Queen Elizabeth died without one heiress, King James VI of Scotland inherited the British king, mentioned James I (reigned 1603 - 1625), began to Stuart reign (1603 ~ 1649,1660 ~ 1714). The latter half of the 16th century to the first half of the 17th century, rapid economic development of capitalism, the bourgeoisie increasingly mighty economic strength and the new aristocracy tin not tolerate pile up autocratic rule of the feudal monarchy. But James I and Charles I bypass these changes, adhere to the 1628, reflecting the bourgeois parliamentary against for the requirements of the Scotland to heave military repression Presbyterian (Puritan's conservative) Christian uprising, Charles I was forced to convene parliament in April 1640, three weeks later the dissolution of parliament, understood for the session of Parliament as In November, Charles was forced to convene Parliament 2nd, there has been to this session of Parliament in 1653, called the It is thought to be held in the opening of the English bourgeois revolution. November 1641, the Parliament to the King namely Beginning of the first civil warfare, parliamentary militia steadily lost. O. Cromwell's Puritan beliefs guided chiefly ever sincemers and craftsmen of the combination of a cavalry force, Marston victory achieved in 1644, reversing the position of the warfare, understood as the Early 1645, the Parliament in consensus with the requirements of the restructuring of Cromwell's militia, to create a The emulating year, captured the King, the civil warfare to Parliament 1st military victory. During the civil war, Parliament has passed legislation, the sovereign confiscated land gathering elements, auction to the bourgeois, abolition of the feudal owners duties to the king, yet the peasants nought. After the war, the revolution among the Presbyterian camp, pro-independence and parity between the conflicts were. The end of 1647, King Charles fled, February 1648, king of the party forces seized the chance and to vex civil war, in the pro-independence and equality were the mutual fight, the king of the gathering was defeated forces of resumption, the 2nd civil war. December 1648, Cromwell's Parliament cleared Presbyterian; January 30, 1649, Charles I was beheaded (penetrate color pictures), the same year affirmed the establishment of a unicameral Republic. Repressive bourgeois republic has to bring and digging were equal, the conquest of Ireland and Scotland, to defeat the Netherlands and Portugal. 1707, Scotland formally merged into the UK, likewise known as Great Britain from the United Kingdom. April 1653, Cromwell scattered residues of parliament, the administration established in December protect the country, below military fascism. February 1660, Stuart restoration. Although Charles II and James II (reigned 1685 - 1688) sought to restore the antique order, yet during the revolution is irreversible social and economic alteration. 1679, nigh the issue of succession is divided into Whig and Tory parliamentary factions, is the origin of modern political parties. June 1688, the Catholic King James II was old son. To discourage Catholics to inherit the throne, Whig and Tory party co-operation, invited the Protestant William of the Netherlands to the British sovereign verdict in November, William rate in the UK fleet landed overturned restored dynasty. February 1689, while William and his wife Mary came to the throne, said William III (reigned 1689 - 1702); said Mary II (reigned 1689 - 1694). The coup shrieked the Landed nobility and the Glorious Revolution was the beginning of the coupler dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, it announced the Since then, the British Parliament monarchy gradually fashioned and developed, Whig and long-term care out struggle for power among the two parties. 1714, Hanover dynasty took over the UK, the Whig party has obtained extra than 60 years of political advantage. In R. Walpole's tenure, the King's Privy Council, the chief recommending body to amplify into the Cabinet, brains of the parliamentary majority governor as a Cabinet responsible to Parliament. Walpole is really the first British prime minister (see table). Industrial Revolution in British history after the victory of the bourgeois revolution, more rapid chief collection. Act of Parliament to legalize the enclosure, the enclosure has expanded quickly. Occupy land in a great many the farm or ranch to construct capitalism, deprived of manner of product of planters as Expand the servant mart. 1689 - 1763, the British and French colonies to fight the war ended repeatedly. After the eruption of the French bourgeois revolution, the British government in 1793 - 1815 phase, actively systematized and participated in anti-French league. Throughout the 18th century, Britain became one international megalopolis of the slavery commerce. In China, the government implemented the plan of protective tariffs, tall tariffs to discourage alien goods enter and reward their industrial exports to protect their low-tax industrial and commercial development. All these means of prehistoric collection of changes in industrial product invested a premise. Half of the 18th century, appears in the industrial creation and start using the machine, which marks the beginning of the industrial revolution. Changes first occurred in the cotton linen industry. 1733 began to use the shuttle loom, spinning 60 to 70 years of extensive use; 80 years, the steam engine in use. With the steam engine secondhand to inflate the range, primarily the emergence of the machine fabrication industry, the rapid expansion of the industrial revolution to the assorted ministries. To 30 to 40 years of the 19th century, the main industrial sectors are used machines, massive machines in the linen industry accounted for a dominant rank. Britain from an agricultural country into industrial countries, the industrial revolution to this about complete. Britain's Industrial Revolution changed the face of economic geography, the rise of a number of industrial cities in Northwest, where the concentration of the population. Mid-19th century, Britain has become the world's first an industrial power. Industrial Revolution built two new classes ─ ─ industrial bourgeoisie and industrial proletariat, they struggle between the opposition and become British industrial elementary contradiction of capitalist society. Parliamentary reform and the treaty movement's emergence as the industrial revolution, British forces gradually growing industrial and commercial bourgeoisie. Rapid growth of their economic strength, but the absence of corresponding political rights. 60 to 70 years of the 18th century, around, and J. Wilkes' North Briton news ebb constituency Their motifs were for the King George III (reigned 1760 - 1820) do no trust the majesty of the Whig party patronize. The Whigs take some measures to further limit the monarchy. 18th century, under the influence of the French Revolution, set off for the lower masses reform campaign, they ambition political rights to amend their economic status, and afterward made a significant contribution to the reform. In 1830, under oppression from human in entire hikes of life, C. Gray Whig party parliamentary reform bill proposed along the Government, after a year of struggle, in June 1832, the reform bill passed by either houses of parliament, the king accepted into statute. 1832 1st Reform Act of Parliament extended the right to vote a little adjustment, the industrial bourgeoisie, political rights, started in the ranks of the ruling level. Parliamentary reform did no send anybody benefits to the workers, they fight for universal suffrage for a new struggle, the rise of Chartist movement. 1838, Association of London employees, 1840 establishment of the National Association of Charter. 1840,1842 and 1848, the Chartists in the country set off 3 times the mass of petitions to Parliament, the apply signer of millions of people, but the petitions were rejected, the movement was inhibited. After 1848, movement decline gradually perished. Charter movement has even now succeeded, but for the struggle of the working class left a expensive legacy. Half of the 19th century 19th century 50 to 70 years, the British free trade, the heyday of capitalist development. The period when the dynasty of Queen Victoria, the During this period, the British completed the first industrial revolution, become a 1832 parliamentary reform, the Tory Party and the Whig party gradually transformed into a modern bourgeois parties ─ ─ Conservatives and the Liberals, the two parties switch in power. Strengthen the economic position of the bourgeoisie is politically more open to democracy and liberty. 1858 abolition of restrictions ashore political rights of Jews. 1867 and 1884 were the 2nd, 3rd parliamentary reform, urban and rustic going class and upper enfranchised. In 1872, Parliament introduced the hidden ballot. Bourgeois government likewise reform the teaching system, civil service, judicial system and the military. Capitalist system reform to subserve the consolidation and development. From the time of economic prosperity to benefit mainly the ruling class, the laboring masses of labor-intensive, life is very poor. But the bourgeoisie from their small share of the high profits in the disconnection of the upper working class and versed workers to make this chapter of the workers' conditions have improved. These people therefore advocate class collaboration, to determine labor discussions through the coordination of fancies, activities advocating workers' organizations should fight the capitalist system to improve working conditions and other benefits, opposed to strikes and other aimed by overthrowing the capitalist system of class struggle. Mid-19th century, the emergence of a number of such unions, mingling machine personnel Association (1851) as a representative. Them by industry (a regional and national), with merely sponge skilled personnel, exclusion of non-skilled workers to participate. They aspire for promotion forward the road of development of trade unionism, which is called the In the early 1960s, in K. Marx, F. Engels help British workers to connect the political struggle and the United States, the Polish people's struggle contained in creating the first worldwide, in the country to carry out the struggle for prevalent suffrage. 1868 Union held the first parliament for political rights. 80 to 90 years, revival of the socialist movement, the emergence of Social Democratic Union (1884), Fabian Society (1884), the Independent Labour Party (1893) and other socialist unions. Labor movement is also a new air, a heap of unskilled workers have organized themselves to carry out strikes, called for consensus workforce. In 1900, trade alliances associations and socialist organizations, political parties composed of representatives of workers' representatives council Labour was first built to absorb only team members is that all groups of electoral alliance. In 1911, the establishment of the British Socialist Party. British colonial expansion in the 19th century, turbulent colonial expansion. 1801 combination of Ireland, the UK became the lawful label of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Aggression in Asia continue to amplify. Mid-19th century, the Opium War of attack opposition China launched by the two comprised in suppression of the Taiping revolution in China; 1857 ~ 1859 suppression of the magnificent national uprising in India, strengthening the rule of India.
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