1, the butterfly effect: the 1970s, an American meteorologist named Lorenz system theory in the interpretation of air, said Amazon rainforest vibration of a butterfly's wings occasionally, maybe two weeks will be caused by a tornado in Texas, USA.


butterfly effect is that very small changes in initial conditions through continuous zoom, its future status will cause a very huge difference. Some small things can be confusing, and some small things such as amplified by the system, then an organization, a country is important, it can not be confused.



2, frog phenomenon: a frog into hot water directly into the pot, because of its adverse reactions are very sensitive environment, it will quickly jump out of the pot. If you put a frog into a pot of cold water and slowly heated, the frog will not immediately jump out of the pot, the water temperature gradually increased the ultimate outcome is to be boiled frog is dead, because the water temperature so high that the frog can not stand, it has been too late, or is unable to jump out the pot outside.


frog phenomenon tells us that a number of mutation events, they often cause people to be vigilant and prone to cause people to death but it is in the feel-good case, the gradual deterioration of the actual situation, there is no clear notice.



3, crocodile rule: its intent is to assume that a crocodile bite your feet if you hand to try to break your foot, crocodile will bite your feet and hand. The more you struggle, it was the more bite. In the event that crocodile bite your feet, your only way is to sacrifice one foot.


example, in the stock market, crocodiles rule is: when you find yourself trading a departure from the direction of the market, must stop immediately, without any delay, shall not have any luck.



4, catfish effect: In the past, sardines, low survival rate during transport. After it was found that if put a catfish in the sardines, the situation is somewhat improved, the survival rate will be greatly enhanced. This is why it?

Had catfish in to a strange environment, will be ; and sardines found in more than a This problem is solved oxygen sardines, the sardines will not die.



5, herding: sheep where to go, where to go behind the sheep to follow.

herding was first equity investment in a term mainly refers to the existence of investors in the transaction process of learning and imitation phenomenon, the same period the stock sale.



6, hedgehogs rule: two sleepy hedgehog, as cold and owned together. Because their body can have long thorns, so they left some distance, but can not stand the cold, so get together. After a frustrating, two hedgehogs finally found a suitable distance: both get each other's warm and will not be binding.


hedgehog law mainly refers to interpersonal relationships in the



7, watch Law: Law is a watch with a table, you can know it is a few minutes, and when he has two not being able to determine. Two tables and can not tell a more accurate time, so they will watch the people lose confidence in accurate time.


watch law in the corporate management to give us a very intuitive inspiration,timberland boots ladies, is the same person or an organization can not use two different methods, can not set two different goals, and even each individual can not command the same time by two people, or will the business or personal loss.



8, broken windows theory: a house if the windows broke, and no one to repair, separated soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if some graffiti has not been cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly thing; a very clean place, people embarrassed to taking out the trash, but once on the ground with rubbish appears, people will not hesitate to cast, did not feel ashamed.



9, twenty-eight law (Pareto's law): the late 19th early 20th century Italian economist Pareto that in any group of things, the most important and only a small part, about 20%, although the majority of the remaining 80%, but it is secondary. About 80% of social wealth is concentrated in the hands of 20%, while 80% of people with only 20% of the social wealth. This statistical imbalance in the social, economic and life everywhere, this is the Pareto rule.


Pareto rule tells us, do not mean to analyze, process and look at the issues, business and management to seize the crucial few; to find out who can provide 80% of the profits, the total capacity was only 20% of key customers, to enhance services to achieve a multiplier effect; business leaders to work seriously on the classification analysis, it is necessary to solve the main effort on key issues, focus on major projects.



10, bucket theory: If the length of the composition of wood casks missing, then filled the bucket of water is not dependent on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood.



11, Matthew: all, be taken away.


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1, Cage logical
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a beautiful bird cage in the room where the most conspicuous place, a few days, the owner will make one of the following two options: throw away the cage, or buy a bird cage on the back. This is the logic cage. The process is simple, imagine you are the owner of the room, as long as people entered the room and saw the cage, it will not help but ask you: kept a Bird. Cage logical reason is simple: most of the time is to take the inertia of thinking. So seen in the life and work to develop logical thinking is very important.

2, broken window effect
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interesting psychological study on a phenomenon called broken, no one to repair, separated soon, other windows will be broken somehow; a wall, if there is some graffiti is not cleansed, and soon, the walls covered with a mess, unsightly things. A very clean place, people will be embarrassed taking out the trash, but once on the ground with rubbish appears, people will not hesitate, did not feel ashamed. This is really a very strange phenomenon.
psychologists study is the bad in the end.
any bad thing, if you do not block out at the beginning, the formation of culture, change can get rid, if the river bank, a small gap is not timely repair, you can collapse the dam, resulting in the loss of millions of times.
crime is actually the result of disorder, the New York City in the 1980s when the rush is really everywhere, every day do not kill, walking in the street in broad daylight to be afraid. Mention the subway, car dirty, dirty words plastered everywhere, sitting on the subway, feel insecure. Although I have not been looted, but the professors have been in broad daylight, struck a note Sap, blind, from the end of his research career, so I talk about Tiger color for many years, not alone to New York. New York city and the city recently raised a lot of reputation, I am quite surprised that a city has been sinking, can escape from the dead, and to push.
So when I went out to meet, met a criminologist, immediately to him for advice, the original New York City is the last book with a broken window effect in terms of the theory, first to improve the criminal environment in which it is not easy crime, and then slowly Hyde Bu Dao return to order. Although this approach was
was branded as slow, the handcuffed in a row standing on the platform, open to the public declaration of the government's determination to rectify, and found very effective.
police found more people really will not clean criminal cases, also found that grasping Riders rewarding, because each of those seven had a fare evasion was wanted, twenty to carry a weapon in there, so Police are willing to grab evasion very seriously, making criminals afraid to fare evasion, not to go out with weapons, so as not worth the candle, runs the risk. This New York City, from the smallest, the easiest place to start, breaking the crime ring junction (chain), so this vicious cycle can not continue.

3, diffusion of responsibility effect
upload pictures to: interesting it ┆ U148.Net 1964 年 3 月 13 日夜 3 when 20 points, in the United States outside an apartment in New York before a man named Juno than The young woman at the end of the white bar on the way home from work between the assassination. When she cried in despair: When everything is calm, the killer returned to crime. When she yelled, the nearby residents and opened the light, the attackers then fled. When she has nothing to do, go back to their home upstairs,ralph lauren au, the killer once again in front of her, killing her on the stairs. In the process, even though she cried for help, her neighbors, at least 38 to the window to watch, but no one to rescue her, no one even called the police. This caused a stir in New York society, but also attracted the attention of social psychologists and thinking. It is considered a large number of bystanders neglecting the phenomenon known as diffusion of responsibility effect.
for the formation of diffusion of responsibility effect causes a lot of experimental psychologists and survey results found that: this phenomenon can not just say everyone's callous,wholesale ralph lauren shirts, or moral turpitude increasing performance. Because on different occasions, acts of assistance that people really are different. When a person in an emergency situation, if only he can provide help, he would clearly aware of their responsibilities, assistance to the victims. If he refused to produce feelings of guilt, feelings of guilt, which requires to pay a high psychological cost. And if the presence of so many people, the responsibility for seeking help from the people to share, resulting in fragmentation of responsibility, the responsibility of each person to share very few spectators even with his own sense of responsibility that a less than, resulting in an How to break this situation, this is a psychologist working on an important subject.

4, Parkinson's Law
well-known British historian North Goode Parkinson through long-term research, write a book called In his book, agency personnel explained the reasons for and consequences of the expansion: an incompetent officials, may be three ways, first is the application for resignation, the seat give competent people; second is to allow a competent person to assist their work; third appointment of two levels lower than they were when the assistant. This first way is absolutely Zou Bude, because that would lose many rights; second way can not go, because that would be capable of their opponents; seems that only a third way most appropriate. As a result, two mediocre assistant sharing his work, he is high above orders, they will not pose a threat to their rights. Since the inability of two assistants, they are calling the shots, then two more for his inability to find an assistant. So on, to form a bloated, overstaffed, mutual wrangling, inefficient leadership system.

5, halo effect
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famous Russian writer Pushkin Zengyin role halo effect suffered a great deal. He was fanatically in love with is called Natan Li looks amazing, but puhi Kim Ji different sub-channel. When Pushkin's poem written for each to read to her time. She always said, clutching his ears: duel to death, so that a literary star fall prematurely. In Pushkin, a beautiful woman is bound to have great wisdom and noble character, however, is not the case, a phenomenon known as the halo effect.
so-called halo effect, that is, interpersonal communication, people who exhibit the characteristics of a particular aspect, cover the other features, resulting in interpersonal cognitive disorders. In daily life, For instance, some elderly individual shortcomings of young people, or dress, habits and dislike, they think they must unpromising; some young people a thing about the admiration of friends, will see him everywhere cute, so-called The halo effect is a sweeping subjective psychological speculation, the error is: First, it is easy to grasp individual characteristics and habits of individual push and general, as Mangrenmoxiang as a point on behalf of the face; second It is not intrinsically linked to some personal or physical characteristics associated with, the assertion that such features are bound to have other characteristics; Third, it is good on all that sure that bad on all the negative, which is a dominated by the subjective bias of absolute orientation. In short, the halo effect is the interpersonal relationships in a great psychological impact on people with cognitive impairment, we have contacts to try to avoid and overcome the side effects of the halo effect.

6, Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect)
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a psychological experimenter effect. 1920s and 1930s, U.S. researchers at the Chicago Western Electric Company Hawthorne factory working conditions, social factors and relations of production efficiency experimenter effect found in experiment, called Hawthorne effect.
first phase of the experiment in November 1924 from the beginning of the working conditions and productivity of the relationship between the test group and control group. Results regardless of increase or control illumination in the experimental group yields are rising, and constant illumination of the control group yields also increased. In addition, tests of the wages paid, the coffee break time, the length of daily and weekly number of days of work and other factors, these conditions can not see a direct impact on production efficiency. The second phase of the trial by the U.S. led by Harvard Professor Mayo, focusing on social factors and the relationship between productivity and found that production efficiency is mainly caused by the experimenter in the spirit has undergone tremendous changes. Participate in the trial of the workers were placed in special laboratory study, led by their social conditions have changed,jordan v, been a matter of concern, thus forming a sense of participating in the trial, that he is an important part of the company, so that workers From a social point of view aspects are motivated to promote increased production.
This effect tells us that when students or their public attention or attention, learning and communication efficiency will be greatly increased. Therefore, in our daily lives to learn to get along with others, to understand what kind of behavior is accepted by students and teachers and appreciation, and we can only live and learn and continually increase their good behavior, it may be more people's attention and appreciation, but also can make our learning progress, full of confidence!

7, learned helplessness experiments
upload pictures to: interesting it ┆ U148.Net earliest effects of learned helplessness and Ofer Mill Cyril Krugman found later in animals and humans studies have been widely discussed. Simply put, many experiments show that trained dogs can cross the barriers or engage in other behavior to avoid the shock experimenter added to it. However, if the dogs are not expected (do not know when to come) and can not be controlled by electric shock (such as the interruption of electric shock or not does not depend on the dog's behavior), when the dog was a chance to escape electric shock, they also become was unable to escape. Moreover, the dogs also showed other defects, such as frustration and depression, reduced motivation and so on.
dog show reason why this situation is due early in the experiment learned a sense of helplessness. In other words, they recognize that no matter what their own can not control the termination shock. In each experiment, the shock is terminated under the control of the experimenter, and the dog will recognize their inability to change the external control, and thus learned a sense of helplessness.
person who had learned helplessness, has become a deep despair and sorrow. Therefore, we should study and life in their eyes open a little and see the real events behind the determining factor, not to make our own despair.

8, the witness's memory
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interesting witness, in our understanding of where, usually to provide some objective evidence,timberlands for women, is to own eyes to see and hear things that people speak out honestly. However, psychological research shows that the testimony of many witnesses are not very accurate, or that is a personal preference, with personal views and awareness.
witness testimony of their confidence and their testimony can not determine the accuracy of the results of this study is surprising. Mrs fees can be special and psychologist Howard Springs decided to make this conclusion more in-depth study. In order to investigate whether the testimony of the witness something special, they will witness's memory and the memory of general knowledge were compared.
they make are shown a short video is about the kidnapping of a girl. Next day, to answer some of the video in the content of,asics kayano sale, and asked them to tell their own level of confidence to answer, then do a recognition memory test. Next, using the same method, the content of popular literature from the encyclopedia and selected general knowledge questions.
and occurred before, as fees can be special and Mrs Howard Springs also found that the accuracy of the witness on the memories of those confident of their answers were in fact no better than those who do not have confidence greater, but For general knowledge, the situation is not the case, people with high confidence in memories of people who score better than the lack of confidence.
people in the general knowledge of the strengths and weaknesses with self-knowledge. Therefore, tend to modify their test results for the confidence scale. General knowledge is a database is shared between individuals, it has recognized the correct answer, subjects can measure themselves. For example, people will know the issue of whether in sports or even almost better than others. However, the event witnessed the impact from such self-knowledge. For example, on the whole, they are unlikely to know than others, the participants in the memory of events in hair color better or worse.

9, Rosenthal effect
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American psychologist Rosenthal, who in 1968 conducted a famous experiment. Them to a primary election in the three sixth grade classes of children making a fuss of, In fact, this list is not determined according to test results, but randomly selected. It is based on Eight months later, intelligence tests and found again on the list of general improvement in student achievement, teachers also gave their good conduct reviews. This experiment has achieved miraculous results, it is considered by teachers to students the subtle psychological effects, so that teachers expect students to achieve the progress of the phenomenon, known as the Pygmalion (Pygmalion in Greek mythology the king of Cyprus, he produced the statue of a girl love for his ultimate desire to make this statue into a real person, the two fall in love with).
educational practice also shows that: if a teacher like some of the students, they will have high expectations, after a period of time, students feel the teachers care, love and encouragement; often a positive attitude towards teachers, towards learning and towards their behavior, the students more self-esteem, confidence, self-love, self-induce a positive passion, these students often expect teachers to achieve progress. In contrast, teachers who are ignored, discriminated against students from the teacher's discourse over time, manner, facial expressions feel the teacher's requirements; these students often worse day by day, and finally become the bad elements of society. Despite some exceptions, but the trend is that, while it also sounded the alarm for teachers.

10, false sympathy deviation (false consensus bias)
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we usually believe that our love is the same with most people. If you like playing computer games, then it may overestimate the number of people like computer games. You will usually overestimate the students to vote for their favorite number, overestimate their own group's prestige and leadership, and so on. This overestimation of your behaviors and attitudes have the same preference number of features is called the Some factors that may affect your share of this false bias strength:
(1) When an external attribution is stronger than internal attribution;
(2) current behavior or events when a person is very important; < br> (3) When you are very sure of their point of view, or believe that when;
(4) When your status or some kind of normal life and learning are threatened;
(5) When it comes to a positive quality or individuality;
(6) When you and other people as when they are similar.