B Robert Parker (Robert Parker) precise and rigorous system of standards and the percentage of wine scoring system, people have been very easy to forget to drink wine is a very simple matter. In essence, wine and grape juice corrupt little different, only sugar has been transformed into alcohol. However, from the 17th century since the advent of glass and cork, system traders have been looking for a better brewed to form a more complex wine for long-term preservation methods. viticulture and wine production has been professional and technical, requiring attention to detail and brewing were very keen powers of observation with the modern wine-making technology to further improve the quality of the wine to meet the technical specifications of the level, so the shelves in retail stores and restaurants on the menu and then on the people difficult to find a wine of inferior quality.
to know how to produce good wine, we want to come back to the basic problem, consider the traditional sense of the core concepts of viticulture: Land (Terroir). This is difficult to accurately translate the French word, enveloped a quasi-religious mystery; it is a general term for the complex role of natural factors, with Anthony b Han Sang (Anthony Hanson) the words the characteristics of a vineyard, that is, the quality of wine.
vineyards around the world illumination time
University of California, Davis (Davis) School of Wine Winkler (Winkler), Professor created a system , day length, and normal or abnormal grape harvest dates in the changes,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly III, the system will be less accurate in the world. Here is the parallel comparison vineyards around the world,Adidas F50 Adizero TRX TF The motivation’, only for reference.
1 Area: Russian River, California and San Cruz Mountains; Willamette Valley, Oregon; Burgundy; Bordeaux; Austria Niusi Le Lake; New Zealand Canterbury.
2 District: Chi Li Maibo; California Rutherford; Washington State.
Zone 3: France Beziers; California Calistoga.
4 areas: Stellenbosch, South Africa and Parr; Italy Markov moment.
5 District: California's Central Valley; Sicily; sudden Nepalese West Asia; Crete; Western Australia's Swan River.
climate
red wine is good or bad, depending on weather conditions so ripe grapes is appropriate, we will first talk about the climate of this factor it. Some of the most wonderful Min The wine produced in cold areas, because the maturity of grapes and sour Yun He situation right soil temperature and heat capacity plays a decisive role in grape roots in warm soil and growing better in some areas, such as France Loire Valley Chinon (Chinon) or Burgundy northern Yilan Si (Irancy). for the growth of grapes, the soil temperature and the presence of which is as important as the proper minerals.
academic like climate zone in accordance with the classification of vineyards, this is not an easy task, which involved not only light, cloud coverage, wind and rainfall and other factors Other factors such as altitude will make the problem more complicated, because each 100 m, the average temperature will be lower 0.98 ℃. these complex factors can be caused by differences in climate from the ; three different angles to study. climate refers to a wide range of climatic conditions, but if varied terrain, the climate on the lack of accuracy. Asian climate data more accurate, it provides a small range of climatic conditions, such as similar terrain and elevation vineyards climate Micro climate refers to a smaller range of climatic conditions, such as part of the range of grapes, or even refer to the different ground clearance with a grape vine fruit.
of course, grapes Growth temperature requirements a minimum, different species of minimum temperature is different, such as Cabernet Xiao Wei Ang is 12.2 ℃,Adidas F50 adizero, while Pinot Noir is 10 ℃. in the grape growing season, the temperature is higher than the lower limit of the total time called the heat accumulation (Heat Summation). accumulated a sum of the heat producing areas is given with the potential to produce good wine, can also be used to compare the world's vineyards, but there is an important premise is that in Europe and outside Europe, the accumulation of soil heat equation on the impact of different.
on the importance of soil in Europe and elsewhere has long been debated. Burgundian viticulture Jacques (Jacques) that the soil Morey St. Denis b its minerals (Morey St.Denis) wine composition and durability plays a key role; and Western Australia's wine producers Jim (Jim) is considered to be the vineyard adjacent to the dry hot air and the Southern Ocean caused its Margaret River Pinot Noir (Margaret River Pinot Noir) grapes, spicy and fresh green leaves like fact on where they hemisphere,Adidas Porsche Bounce S L, the Jacques and Jim are correct, as travel French scholars the world planted grape Oliver b 亨布雷克特 (Oliver Humbrecht) said: more than half of rainfall, and the time distribution. In contrast, in Australia, the grape growing in importance for the spring and summer, rainfall is often insufficient to nourish the seedling grapes, due to lack of moisture leading to the acidity of grapes is not enough. br> However, treatment differences may be exaggerated. Since 1990, Australia and California Mansion on a regular basis in the grape wine was time to go to France, and French, as they clearly do affect the soil the purity of wine in our times, Specter reminds us that all the soil is a mixture of mineral and organic soil in the different particle size: the largest is the small stones and gravel, a small number of the sand, silt particles even smaller, is the smallest clay particles. Anthony b Han Sang the seed in his : sunny (not excess) of the region will grow well. Pinot Noir is slightly stronger soil fertility preferences, such as New Zealand's South Island province or more than Cole (South Island) Canterbury region of limestone soil, because soil can keep more moisture, temperature is lower. Pierre di Barolo region can affect wine quality soil is a good example of where the soil is rich in clay and warm climate, abundant sunshine, especially for premature Nie Biao Luo (Nebbiolo) grapes grow, although the grapes produced in Mediterranean countries, but because it vineyards located in the high latitudes, low-temperature clay, so the spawn of the wine has good acidity and Yun He, which is a grape varieties, soil and climate combine to brew a fine example of good wine.
vines for wine
It is estimated that about 2 000 kinds of grapes, but only about the use of varieties 100 species. In essence, true world-class red wine can spawn only a handful of noble grape varieties of it which has the most outstanding Cabernet Xiao Wei Ang, Sheila (Xila Si) and Pinot Noir, these species can be planted in the world. Others, such as Cabernet Nifulanke (Cabernet Franc), Merlot, grid connected Nash (Grenache), Muer Wei degrees (Mourvedre), Nie Biao Luo (Nebbiolo), Sang Jiao Wei Xie (Sangiovese) and Tim Tempranillo (Tempranillo) models can also be brewed with the finest wines, but they are usually in their native country or country of origin was the best performance (see page 40 of the > vines for wine quality conservation play a decisive role to improve fertilizer, select branches, vegetative propagation, and pruning methods,Adidas F50 adizero TRX AG return to the beginning, can greatly enhance the production of grapes, but the grape production is too high, it can not spawn high-quality red wine French wine specialist wine grape production in the upper more liberal on this issue; brewed the famous Bordeaux wine grapes, allowing the output can be produced up to Santa Cruz, California, or Australia's top Coonawarra Cabernet Xiao Wei Ang 2 times.
around the world similar to grape growth cycle, in which the difference is much smaller than you think in the northern village of Bordeaux, such as 圣埃斯蒂夫 (St.Estephe), is the main grape varieties planted Cabernet Xiao Wei Ang,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly, from flowering to the harvest cycle is about 100 days in the high temperature region of the southern hemisphere, such as the New South Wales Hunter Valley (Upper Hunter Valley), Cabernet growth cycle can be reduced to 85m86 day. The main difference between the two, producing areas in the northern hemisphere,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly III TF,Adidas Bounce S2 Well, cold year may not be fully mature grapes; contrast, the southern hemisphere producing heat is produced by the grapes lack acidity. Hunter Valley Cabernet grapes sour Xiao Wei Ang uneven and 圣埃斯蒂夫similar, but the situation is entirely the opposite, one sugar shortage, one is not enough acidity.
Another factor affecting the quality of wine grape picking method with higher costs, more and more mechanical harvesting method Mansion This not only significantly reduce labor costs, but also improves the efficiency book Mingshabuli (Chablis) producer Michael b LaRoche (Michel Laroche), in the Languedoc (Languedoc) brewing high-quality red wine, he the different views of mechanical harvesting were concise summary: Choose.