Baike card

F-22 Fighter (Raptor) by the U.S. Lockheed Martin, Boeing and General Dynamics jointly design a new generation of heavy stealth fighter. The experts also referred to the It will become the 21st century, the main fighter types. The main task is to obtain and maintain theater air superiority, the F-15 is the successor model.

directory

About R & D performance characteristics controversial parameter configuration parameters to maintain avionics radar fire ammunition assess significance of results fielded crash 1, crash 2, Nevada, Southern California, 3 crashes, the crash of Alaska F-grounded 22 Fighter (Raptor), or as a negative example the U.S. F-22 was allowed to resume flights will continue to improve the oxygen supply system, the film profile in Appendix F-22Raptor (Raptor) by the U.S. Lockheed Martin (Lockheed Martin) designing a new generation of heavy stealth Fighter. Is currently the experts referred to the Advanced fighter aircraft as the U.S. military combat, F-22 will replace the Boeing company's F-15. The United States in the early 21st century, the main heavy fighter, which is the most expensive fighter. It does not emit electromagnetic waves that can be equipped with radar to detect enemy aircraft airborne electronic warfare systems and detection range very far from the active phased array radar, AIM-9X (Aerial Intercept Missile-9X) (Sidewinder) short range combat air to air missiles, AIM-120C (AMRAAM Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile) advanced medium range air to air missiles, thrust to weight ratio close to 10 F-119 turbofan engine, stealth (low observability) and other features. It is estimated that its operational capabilities for the two fighters one.

Atlas (12) R & D of this scheme was originally called the Advanced Tactical Fighter (Advanced Tactical Fighter, ATF)

off the F22

1971 Tactical Air Command in the United States under the proposed generation fighter development program. This plan in the 1970s led many small research projects, the Air Force originally intended in 1977 to 1981, the prototype test flight between the two groups, but unfortunately canceled due to budget shortfalls. Then focus on the design of the U.S. fighter and ground attack as the first priority, only required when there is sufficient air defense capability. In 1979, the Air Force will attack and the importance of air combat performance upgrade to the same level. In 1982 the U.S. Air Force fighter to face the rapid development of the Soviet Union, and the Air Force prepared to use the F-15E and F-16 as a ground attack mission, F-117 entered the flight test phase, the demand for ground attack is not so important. October of that year, the plan was finalized at the last public meetings. ATF's technical requirements will be set in the following five characteristics of a plane, that is, low detectability (stealth), high mobility and agility, without the use of afterburners for supersonic cruise can be (and not only meet in the past using afterburners supersonic short sprint), payload not less than the F-15 and has over the Third World war zones, including the ability of all theater. For the development of ATF, the U.S. Air Force Aeronautical Systems Division to establish an advanced tactical fighter System Program Office (SPO). SPO in 1983 made a specific concept of the ATF, respectively, followed by seven major aviation manufacturers issued a $ 1 million worth of design contracts, including Boeing, General Dynamics, Grumman, Lockheed, McDonnell Douglas, Northrop and Rockwell North American Aircraft Company subsidiary. In the request, ATF should be empty in the future, space battle to win air superiority threat environment, to ensure that the U.S. military in full or high-tech local wars to seize absolute control of the air. These include five requirements: low-observable, high maneuverability and agility, supersonic cruise, large payload, all over the theater with enough range. In the same year, General Electric and Pratt & Whitney elected to the ATF program, development of new engines for the ATF. Air Force hopes to ATF with a small amount of advanced technology is relatively backward against a large number of enemy aircraft, made the air. The United States called the air (Air Dominance) fighter. Faced with such advanced design requirements, ATF must have all the top world-class aviation technology. In order to complete the technical level and beyond the F-15 Soviet fighter, SPO continue to add detail to the specific requirements of ATF. Including very high speed integrated circuits, active bend the wing, high-pressure hydraulic systems, non-flammable hydraulic technology, hydraulic weapons pylons, stealth capability, voice-activated command and control, conformal sensors, a shared antenna, integrated flight control and propulsion control, short- from the ups and downs, vector thrust, artificial intelligence, advanced composite materials, advanced data integration and cockpit display, integrated electronic warfare system (including AN/ALR-94 electronic warfare systems and AN/ALE-52 chaff dispensers, etc.), communication / navigation / identification integration, variable speed constant frequency generators, oxygen systems, and fiber optic bus, and so on. October 31, 1986 Lockheed, Boeing and General Dynamics three companies jointly developed

cruise in the F22

YF-22 team won the bid, as required to manufacture two prototypes. September 29, 1990, the first one YF-22 flight, conducted on 26 October 1st air refueling. October 30, the first two prototypes for the first flight. November 3 for the YF-22 prototype supersonic flight without afterburner. Then on November 28 in California's China Lake Naval Weapons Test Center is not loaded ammunition, first launched the Ram August 2, 1991 Air Force study officially awarded Lockheed a $ 9.55 billion contract for engineering development, manufacturing 13 test aircraft. December 16, 1991, the Air Force F-22 fighter jets to determine the shape and create a wind tunnel test and determination of radar cross section models used; began to prepare aircraft interior design and use of tools. June 4, 1992, the company completed the Lockheed F-22 design changes. That same month, for a type of test F119 engine parts critical design review, completed the detailed design phase of the engine and decided to F119 engine production and assembly. December 27 F119 the first stage of project development platform to start the engine test. Two F/A-22 mounted Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 afterburning turbofan engine, a single afterburning thrust of 155.7 kN, the engine thrust-weight ratio of 10, the aircraft thrust to weight ratio of 1.1. Not open when the engine afterburner, M1.58 for supersonic aircraft can cruise for 30 minutes. This feature for high-speed penetration, rapid through enemy air defense zone is extremely effective, and can greatly improve the speed of the initial air-launched missiles, the air-launched weapons with no space restrictions, which the two sides met head-in-the-horizon air combat is particularly important. Meanwhile, the supersonic cruise capability will also help speed chase, the use of speed advantage to improve intercept capabilities, expanding missile attacks to increase attack range and opportunities. Engine mounted two yuan pitch axis thrust-vectoring nozzle, changes in pitch direction plus or minus 20 degrees, so that supersonic aircraft with high mobility and good low speed high angle of attack performance, maximum angle of attack up to 60 degrees. Aircraft in the air, quickly changing his position, so quickly head to the target, and in any position to enemy air attack. F/A-22 rate of climb, circling the angular velocity, rolling angular velocity, acceleration, circling radius, climbing features Ugg støvler, spiral roll angular acceleration and angular acceleration and other properties are superior to F-15 fighter. These performance advantages on the F/A-22 air combat with a stronger ability to change from passive to active, change the inferior position of advantage, for a variety of unconventional mobile operations. The F/A-22 excellent STOL capabilities, in 500 meters of runways. October 6, 1994, Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company began the manufacture of an F/A-22 components. In June 1995, F-22's critical design review work completed, thus F/A-22 aircraft fuselage of the detailed design phase of the work is completed. In body manufacturing, F/A-22 has many unique features of the new technology. For example, the bilge-like edge of the forward fuselage, the world's largest titanium forgings - the fuselage bulkhead, the traditional aviation materials (aluminum and steel) accounted for only 20% of total weight, the proportion of up to 36% titanium, composite material has reached 24%. The machine's overall canopy size to achieve an unprecedented 3 m x1 m x0.76 m in size, weighing 163 kilograms, can withstand a relative speed of 1018 km / h the front of a 1.8 kg weight bird impact. The cockpit cover is made of transparent polycarbonate pieces, thickness 20 mm, strength of 117 ~ 196MPa. The cockpit because great strength has been unable to use the ejection seat cover wear way, way to use the rocket projectile. F-22 aft fuselage beam before and after hot isostatic pressing using electron beam welding of titanium alloy castings structure. March 6, 1997, the first a basic F-22 assembly is completed, begin filling the fuel and engine testing. April 9, Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems Company's initial public the F-22 fighter, and formally announced the September 7, 1997, at Robins Air Force Base, the aircraft conducted 58-minute first flight. Subsequently, the aircraft returned in the spring of 1998, Edwards Air Force Base by the Air Force pilot. In August 2001, F-22 developed 10 years later, the U.S. finally decided to invest heavily in mass production of F-22 fighter. To undertake production of Lockheed Martin F-22 of the 295 production orders, so if the price is the cost of military satisfaction, the Pentagon will increase subscriptions. In January 2002, Air Force officials announced the F-22 The first F-22 fighter program in September 2004, arrived in Da Lanli Air Force Base, December 2005, will have an initial operational capability. Langley base the establishment of three F-22 fighter squadrons, a total of 72 aircraft and six spare machine.

F-123

2002 年 5 31, Lockheed Martin F-22 at the completion of static tests, and successfully carried out the F-22 fatigue test. F-22 airframe service life requirement of 20 years or 8,000 flight hours. In August 2002, the U.S. Air Force announced the F-22 changed its name to F/A-22, F/A-22 to more accurately reflect the mission, including ground attack capability, but also to meet the Air Force's FB-22 bomber-type tasks. In November 2002, F/A-22 has completed initial flight tests in the experiments, F/A-22 to 2 times the speed of sound to achieve a flight; altitude of 15,240 meters or more, and completed the high overload maneuvers, such as 9g turn. Height of 3048 meters above a subsonic flight. In July 2003, Lockheed Martin's F/A-22 will be troubled for a long time to solve software problems. This marks the F/A-22 program has achieved a significant progress. Improved version of the software installed on the F/A-22, the significant improvement in the cockpit system reliability. Before that, due to software problems, cockpit systems will shut down every two hours running time, now can run continuously 21 hours or more. September 19, 2003 ugg rea, an F/A-22 test aircraft crashed in almost a routine test flight, the Air Force, according to preliminary investigation, said the accident because the driver is not scheduled flight maneuver caused the program, not the aircraft itself appears the problem. In March 2004, ordered the Air Force decided to slightly increase the number of F/A-22, the main reason is to reduce costs in the project has achieved remarkable results, and that support the current project estimate purchasing 277 F/A-22, and Prior to the U.S. Air Force procurement goal is to determine the 276. April 29, 2004, entered the Air Force declared that F/A-22 Initial Operational Test and validation phase, which for the expansion of In June 2004, the U.S. Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin announced a $ 492 million worth of fixed price contracts to confirm, for the purchase of 24 F/A-22 manufacture of advanced equipment and the necessary equipment, which marks the the fifth installment of In September 2004, Lockheed Martin's F/A-22 production rate of further adjustments were made to accelerate the pace of production aircraft. The company's goal is to produce 19 aircraft in 2004, and plans to stage mass production of 24 F/A-22 fighters each year. December 21, 2004, a U.S. F/A-22 Although the U.S. Department of Defense has not yet officially announced, but according to informed sources, the Department of Defense has approved Lockheed Martin's F/A-22 fighter aircraft developed into full production. F/A-22 priced $ 120 million (excluding the cost of weapons development and maintenance costs). May 12, 2005, the first combat-type aircraft have been delivered to the F/A-22 at Langley Air Force Base, Va., the 1st Fighter Wing's 27th Fighter Squadron. In 2005, the official U.S. Air Force serving in high-volume, compared with Originally planned to purchase 750, after two cuts finalize the purchase quantity is 183, now pay machine 50. U.S. Air Force is currently considering increasing the purchase of 60 aircraft. F-22 In March 2009, another one F-22 crashed Air Force Base in California. F-22 pilot and improved very careful and thoughtful, because the Air Force that the can expect tomorrow will be all the possible problems we consider is the U.S. Air Force's air superiority tomorrow, so F-22 must have the best combination of stealth, supersonic cruise. avionics systems integration, agility and As a control of the air required for air, land a fatal blow and supportive. , including the manufacturing of the 187 F-22 fighters is complete, reduce or stop production of the expensive aircraft. November 17, 2010, U.S. Air Force has an F-22 fighter crashed in Alaska. Day, this F-22 fighter aircraft flight training in progress, who knows at 19:40 on lost contact with the ground. Soon after, the aircraft wreckage was found. LONDON: According to the defense dialogue Web site reported, U.S. Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps aircraft used during the replacement, replace the old fighter is F/A-18E/F, F-22 and F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. According to the plan, the U.S. military procurement in the next 25 years, 2500 new aircraft, but the fighter I am afraid to buy and update rate can not keep up due to retire old aircraft faster. 15, the U.S. Congressional Budget Office released a study of the Air Force. The current size of the Air Force, fighting with the Department of Defense Modernization Program, and several different cost, the plan goal differences were compared. Congressional Budget Office analysis of Department of Defense programs, including back-up plan with the number of aircraft, aircraft type and technical complexity, and portable ground-air missiles on the comparison. Congressional Budget Office study found that: According to the Defense Department's procurement plan, the number of fighter aircraft procurement may be difficult to achieve the expected goals. However, its combat effectiveness can be maintained at current levels or be developed, as the latest technology will be integrated into a new generation of fighter aircraft. However, some technological advances may be potential rivals offset by technological developments. Back-up plan, but choose to buy less expensive times of advanced fighters to avoid the insufficient number of purchases to save defense spending, or both to achieve these two objectives. Back-up plans to select the fighter did not meet the new fighters like the F-35 combat, but enough with the current equal to or stronger. Congressional Budget Office also found that if the Air Force to adjust the structure, the replacement aircraft for the flight portion of the radius of a longer, larger payload attack aircraft, cost about the same now. However, the mixed forces after battle lasting and more flexible, less is that for space capabilities declined. . In September, Air Force Secretary and Chief of Staff Norton Schwartz 迈克尔唐利 relevant approved plan, the end of F-22 F-22 fighter pilot grounded because of in-flight hypoxia. Schwartz said that after full investigation, the Air Force has mastered enough information, you can re-let the He said the Air Force is still active cooperation with the pilots to reduce flight risk, while continuing to study the F-22's oxygen system problems, collect relevant information to improve its performance. Unfortunately, the dispute is F-22 fighters, although very advanced, but because of its expensive, complex process, repair and maintenance difficulties, it is difficult to ensure security, emphasis on stealth rather give up a large load of bombs and other reasons, the United States has rejected the F-22 bomber into the plan to improve. Coupled with the F-22 shot under the limited capacity of less than -2 lightning based attack aircraft, making it difficult to cruise in the Middle East. Therefore, U.S. Defense Secretary Robert Gates has decided to withdraw the F-22 plans to continue production, he said the F-22 is a product of the Cold War, does not have a full improved value, in today's 22 is nothing more than the fate of American soldiers to help the situation, F-22 has lost its true value. Is $ 1.75 billion for the re-purchase seven terms of F-22 fighter. According to the procedure, both houses of Congress will be on their respective versions of the defense spending authorization bill vote, and then by both houses of negotiations to form a unified text. The text after the vote in both houses were to be sent to the president to sign the final text of the bill. Earlier, the House of Representatives on June 25 through fiscal year 2010 defense spending authorization bill text in the hospital, despite the Obama administration opposed, approved $ 369 million, in fiscal year 2011 as the purchase of 12 F-22 fighter advances . financial year, no longer purchase such aircraft, but some members of Congress under pressure in military enterprises against the reduction of these items of expenditure. refused to stop production of F-22 fighter, Obama likely to veto. Maintenance of F-4, F-15 and F-22 is representative of the United States second-and third-generation and fourth-generation fighter typically models, has in the mid-1950s, late 1960s and late 1980s design, MTBF working hours (MTBF) of 1.0 hours, 2.6 hours and 5.0 hours. F-22, the average repair interval (MTBM) has been of 0.97 hours in 2004 to 6 batches of aircraft increased 3.22 hours. F-22 direct maintenance man hours per flight time of 18.1 hours from 2008 down to 10.46 hours in 2009, has 12 hours to meet the requirements. F-22 machines back condensation cloud F-22 combat loss rate in the years just after the F-15, 1 / 20 (Russian-made Su-37 with a virtual battle, F-22 and SU-37's loss rate of 1 to 10), maintenance personnel will be halved, a squadron of 20 years in the maintenance of F-15 costs less than $ 500 million. F-22 can be Ding Liping (the first Air Force Institute): F-22 aircraft is the Air Force's next generation of advanced fighter aircraft. It is not only fast, agile, stealthy, and a large number of high-tech performance characteristics, but also has good reliability and maintainability. On the basis of foreign data, a brief introduction. 1 out again to protect simple turnout higher than the F-16 F-22 fighter jets nearly doubled is a highly mobile weapon system, with very little protection of personnel and support equipment will be able to harsh field conditions, put into use. It has a machine on the gas generation system for providing oxygen to the pilot to the aircraft, the system provides dry inert gas such as nitrogen. With this system, when you can avoid the use of liquid oxygen and the risk posed by a number of logistical problems. The aircraft has a built-in auxiliary power units, which can provide maintenance to the aircraft all the necessary power. It also allows the engine with air-start capability. This auxiliary power unit and the F-16 aircraft with a different power supply unit, it is to the ordinary jet fuel for the fuel. Thus, F-22 combat aircraft again work out the required service is linked to weapons filling the fuel processing, the time required to make out again greatly reduced. 2 good engine maintenance, replacement of only 90 min F-22 aircraft used by the P * Hui F-119 engine has good maintainability. Although it is the first practical ability to shift with the thrust engine, but its parts than the number of active-duty engines by 40%, maintenance tools required reduced by 60%. Most of the engine design department staff, the location of attachment on the accessibility, ease of maintenance of the demolition work. A skilled maintenance team up to the replacement of the engine just 90 min. Maintenance personnel on average within 20 min in an engine removal and replacement of the LRU (field replaceable unit). 3 modular electronic devices, without intermediate-level maintenance of electronic equipment, modular F-22 aircraft program is the most significant characteristics. Nearly 85% of the LRU has been replaced by electronic modules. These modules are installed in the inlet at the front of the accessibility of the equipment rack and liquid cooling, so that the module temperature is kept at about 16 ℃, making it the reliability of electronic equipment than the existing 3-fold increase. Modular system of electronic devices is only the size of F-15 aircraft electronic equipment, 1 / 40, while its capacity is six times. F-22 aircraft of electronic equipment with a Each module can be to their own built-in chip-level detection. Module itself higher level body to monitor the situation. Electronic device also uses a time stress measurement system, it can out field maintenance personnel and repair facility provides the environment in which the failure occurs, the information. F-22 aircraft's electronic equipment is able to Thus, in some components fail, the aircraft can continue out, and the impact on overall system performance is not great. As a result of generic modules can be interchangeable, so the electronic device is basically the middle class does not need maintenance, therefore, there is no need to deploy intermediate-level test station and testers of the middle class. Compared with the active fighters, F-22 aircraft reliability may be doubled, maintenance man hours per flight can be reduced by 2 / 3, making it active fighter than fighting turnout nearly doubled. As the aircraft logistical basically a self-satisfied, therefore, the deployment of a 24 F-22 aircraft squadron composed of the amount of air required, only the same amount to deploy an aircraft squadron of F-15 air required amount of 2 / 3. 4 ordnance system maintenance, high reliability and cannon shells sent F-22 plane with full air to air weapons, including AIM-120 advanced medium-range air to air missile (AMRAAM) and AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles. It has three missile tanks, two of which located outside the engine ugg australia stockholm, and the other in the center position. Missile rack is hydraulic transmission, hanging bombs do not hit hook. Cannon system uses M61 gun, and F-15, F-16 aircraft the same. But its missile delivery system improvements to enhance reliability. Power plant performance parameters of two F119-PW-100 afterburning turbofan advanced technology engine, a single 105 kN static thrust, afterburning thrust of 155.7 kN. With full digital control system. Main airborne equipment AN/APG-77A electronic scanning phased radar, have good air to air and air-combat capability. Common integrated processor, radar warning receiver, communications / navigation / identification (CNI) system, electro-optical sensor system (EOSS), AN/ALR-94 electronic warfare subsystems. Weapons and a 20 mm M61-A2 cannon muzzle with hinged flap. Three internal bomb bay, and two side weapons bays can be linked to one of the AIM-9 short-range air to air missiles, the main weapons bay can carry four AIM-120A or six AIM-120C advanced medium range air to air missiles or two AIM -120C and two GBU-32JDAM1000 joint direct attack bomb. In addition there are four under the wings and can carry 2268 kg of external pylons. Maximum takeoff weight and payload weight of 27,216 kg. Maximum level flight performance data speed (supersonic cruise) M1.82, (open afterburner, height 9150 m) M2.25, service ceiling 15,240 meters. Sea level maximum level flight speed 1482 km / hour.

F-22 fighter

Features in the plane with high trapezoidal wing for the tail with a comprehensive aerodynamic system, including a wide and separated from each other and with the outward tilt of the vertical rudder tail, and horizontal stabilizer directly adjacent to the wing surface layout. In accordance with technical standards (small reflector shape, the material used to absorb radio waves, using radio-electronic warfare equipment and small radiation airborne radio electronic equipment, aircraft equipment, the design has the smallest cross-launched surface of 0.005-0.01 square meters) (Confidential) . Thermoplastic widely used in the body (12%) and thermoset (10%) of carbon fiber polyester composite material (KM). In the batch of aircraft to use composite materials (KM) ratio (by weight) will reach 35%. Both sides of the diamond-shaped section of the wing can not adjust the engine inlet as the inlet for the laying of the engine compressor inlet S-shaped cold-wall channel. Engine two-dimensional nozzle, a fixed wall and adjust the nozzle cross-sectional area and by ± 20 ° tilt angle thrust vector deflection designed to adjust the movable plate and under the regulation on the board. Figure F-22 production-sharing dual-single-seat twin tail layout. Vertical tail outward tilt of 27 degrees, just in general the edge of stealth design. The side air intakes mounted on the wing leading edge extension plane (edge ​​of the wing) below, with the nozzle as infrared radiation have been suppressed stealth design, the main wing and horizontal stabilizer with the same sweep and forward-swept trailing edge angle, are small aspect ratio trapezoidal-shaped planes, and the wings are coated with special materials to absorb radar waves. Bubble-type canopy protruding from the upper forward fuselage, hung all the weapons are hidden in among the four internal bomb bay. Parameter Type 1 flight crew stealth fighter F-22: 1997 年 9 月 7 日 service December 17, 2005 production of Lockheed Martin General Dynamics
Boeing
unit cost / price of 1.2424 billion USD / $ 350 million active duty status of the major U.S. technology user data length 18.92 m (621) wingspan 13.56 meters (446) Height 5.08 m (168) Wing Area 78.04 m2 ( 840 square feet) Empty weight 14,365 kg (43,430 lb) normal takeoff weight of 27,216 kg (64,460 lb) Max takeoff weight 38,000 kg (83,500 lb) Engines 2 Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 turbofan engine - 2x 156 kN thrust maximum speed of 2,410 performance data km / h (Mach 2.25)
1,480 km / h (Mach 1.21) (sea level) cruising speed 1,963 km / h (Mach 1.82) Service ceiling 18,000 meters maximum ceiling of 19,812 meters (65,000 ) maximum range of 3,219 kilometers (1,600 miles, 1,840 sea)
(plus two external fuel tanks hanging) Wing loading 348 kg / m (77 lb / square) thrust-weight ratio 1.4 maximum overload the machine in the M1. 7:00 overload of up to 6.5G stable hovering weapons cannon
1 门 M61A1/A2 20 毫米 Vulcan cannon with 480 rounds
air missiles: 2 AIM-9, 6 枚 AIM-120
on the ground: two JDAM, 2 枚 WCMDs, 8 枚 GBU-39SDB bomb GBU-10, GBU-12, GBU-16
CBU-59, Mk-80RCS area of ​​about 1 missile hanging avionics configuration Screenshot by generic manual developed by TRW Inc. of integrated airborne radio electronic equipment including: an integrated central data processing system; integrated communication, navigation and identification systems ICNIA and include a full set of radio-electronic warfare systems for electronic warfare equipment INEWS; a high-resolution Force airborne radar and electro-optical sensor system AN/APG-77 EOSS, two Super Hornet laser gyro inertial navigation system LN-100F (HHC). Airborne radar with active electronically scanned phased array radar, which contains more than 1,000 blocks of modules using ultra-high frequency range in which a single integral system technology. To improve the hidden, the design of radar passive work state, which guarantees the radar station in the active state when the work is not easy to intercept the signal even more. Automatic pilot cockpit instrumentation equipment, including four off LCD and wide angle instrument landing system. F-22 avionics system uses the This reconfigurable system configuration, with field replaceable module (LRM) to replace the field replaceable unit (LRU). The respective responsibilities of each module as part of the avionics system work, the work undertaken by the module with the aircraft when the flight mission phases are closely related. And when a module fails, other normal module can be used to undertake this stage the most important features to improve the reliability of the system. F-22's AN/APG-77 radar is a radar to detect targets for active phased array system. It is through the centralized data processing systems and other sensors and avionics work. Processor control of transmitting and receiving antenna beam of the graphics, and processing the received radar data. APG-77 radar technology based on ultra-reliable radar (URR) Program and the Air Force active phased-array radar test. Ultra-reliable radar unique feature of Texas Instrument's solid-state phased array (SSPA) antenna. Each radiating element is independent transmit and receive such a system design innovations, and ensure greater flexibility, small radar cross section and wide frequency band.

F-22

most important feature is the synthesis of agile beam control, which allows the radar while performing a search, tracking and targeting tasks. Agile beam radar control to make the same search for other airspace, while the same is likely to continue to track progress against priority targets. In addition, the radar's ability to make the F/A-22 low interception rate in the target is equipped with radar warning receivers and electronic jamming equipment, when the enemy, while the enemy does not know that it has been targeted. APG-77 radar's main features: Operating Frequency: 8 to 12GHz; scan range: electronic scanning, ± direction 90 °; real beam Topography: 148 km; Doppler beam sharpening: 18.5 km, 37 km or 74 km; moving target indication: 74 km; side edge search distance: 296 km (head); side edge distance 296 km speed search (head). 450 hours mean time between failure (predictive value).

F-22

fire cannon: one 20mm M61A2 Vulcan rotary cannon-type six, with 480 rounds-air type, rate of fire 100 rounds / sec: 1 AIM-120C Advanced range air to air missiles in an AIM-9X Spraying device (Wind Corrected Munitions Dispensers, referred WCMDs) or a GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb (Small Diameter Bombs, referred to as SDB) or AGM-88 anti-radar missiles, ammunition, radiation F/A-22 air superiority tasks in addition to performing, can also use the Joint Direct Attack Munition and other precision-guided weapons for precision ground attack. As the need for stealth and supersonic cruise, F/A-22 basic armament placed in the machine. But it also has to hang drop tanks and missiles hanging under the wing of four points for the non-mounted fuel tanks and weapons hidden state. F/A-22 fighter aircraft originally planned to equip a newly developed advanced technology cannon, but in the kind, practical gun before, the current equipment is an improvement of the M61A2 cannon. Cannon installed in the inlet at the top right-aircraft artillery cabin. Shooting, the gun compartment to the front door back open, in order to rule out firing and exhaust. In addition to installing M61A2 cannon shot outside the cabin, but also equipped with Lockheed? Martin developed for linear elastic shell ammunition system, and equipped with 480 rounds. F/A-22 fighter jets of air weapons have AIM-9 Each installation of an AIM-120 missiles, weapons systems will increase weight 205 kg, of which weight 160 kg missile, launcher weight 45 kg. As the weapons hanging on the fuselage weapons bay, flight and radar reflection area of ​​resistance is not increased. Air-ground weapons are mainly the GBU-32 454 kg Joint Direct Attack Munitions. Can also be mounted by the MK84 or the BLU-109 / B of the modified Joint Direct Attack Munition. To improve the F/A-22 main weapons bay to carry the ability of future ammunition, weapons, U.S. Air Force conducted a study of optimization. Considered include: two accuracy within 3 meters of improved joint direct attack munitions; two developed by Lockheed Martin Wind Corrected Munitions Dispenser; 8 115 kg of small-caliber precision munitions; or 24 laser / radar composite self-guided formula ammunition. Assessment of significance as the world's first fourth-generation fighter aircraft into service, F-22 in the aviation history of epoch-making significance, came on by the widespread concern around the world, many aviation enthusiasts, the Pentagon and Air Force also have high hopes.

F-22 fighter

U.S. hopes that it will completely overwhelm the former Soviet Union / Russia's Su-27, MiG-29 series and improved their fighters, to maintain the early 21st century the United States (about first 20 years) air superiority. At the same time, F-22 has become the fourth-generation fighter model, the main performance (full stealth, supersonic cruise, super maneuverability, high maintainability), installed thrust vector engines, easy maintenance, short take- high degree of information, etc.) has become a recognized measure of fourth-generation fighter. Which in turn into various countries (including Russia, Japan, Western Europe, India) trying to copy, for beyond the object. Many people believe that along with the F-22 to join active duty, marking the world is beginning to enter the Because of its technical level and combat other than third-generation F-15 fighter aircraft has been a qualitative leap, even some people in the United States, if the F-22 came back ten years, then the Gulf War may be unlikely. Because Iraq is not Saddam, who has a MiG-25, MiG-29, Mirage F1 would have nothing to fear fighting force F-22 despite the well-recognized in contemporary considered very advanced, but also in the next period of time is difficult to surpass, but F -22 fighters fighting just how strong, it can be said to have different opinions. Initially, the United States claimed that the F-22 F-15 combat equivalent of three times. Subsequently, after the actual assessment, also known as the F-15 combat capability equivalent to four times. But it was through the exercises moncler kaufen, simulated combat, said an F-22 in air combat kill 5 or 6 F-15 no problem. In 2005 a British-related institutions that, after their assessment, an F-22 can deal with 10 Su-35. Su -35/-37 is the most advanced Su-27 improved, its performance has been close to Russia to maximize next-generation fighter. Russia claimed, a Su-35 F-22 with a match. Two views far. Both were the F-22 put incredible, invincible, it was also fighting in the end how strong their skeptical. In fact, there are many factors affecting air, far more than the aircraft itself. Modern war is not a simple two or confrontation between the two arms, but two huge confrontation between the systems. F-22's operational performance is not exactly battle-tested how strong some people do not know how many. Simply can not fight alone to evaluate the outcome of mechanical performance of the aircraft is good or bad. Results November 22, 2007: one attached to the 90th fighter squadron in Alaska F-22 Raptor fighter jets to intercept their first show two Russian Tu-95MS Bear H-type, which is the F-22 fighters for the first time in North America Aerospace Defense Bong Command ordered the interception of the task.

break the sound barrier moments, unique nozzle

F-15 for its / p> column mounted F-22 United States for the time being the only user. But the introduction of a simplified version of F-22, Japan may become the second user. U.S. to deploy F-22A base in the local Alaska, there will be eight squadrons. The other has a squadron stationed in Japan in February 2007, Kadena Air Base, Japan Air Self Defense Force in April a joint flight training aircraft, were evacuated early May, ending a three-month first base outside the United States stationed. 2008 mid-July to early August, 12 F-22A Guam Andersen Air Force Base to participate in September 2009, F-22A will be delivered to the UAE for the first time to participate in exercises in the Gulf. In 2010, the U.S. military will be deployed in Hawaii Xiken Air Force Base officially a squadron of F-22A, China will replace the Air National Guard wing of the original 19 134 F-15.

F-22 fighter

crash 1, crash, Nevada at 15:45 on December 20, 2004 (U.S. Pacific time), a U.S. F-22 taking off out of control, crashed in the Nevada state interest Sri Lanka Air Force base, the pilot ejected. Belonging to the crash of U.S. Air Force F-22 pilot assessment of Battalion 422. accident investigation results. The accident occurred in southern Nevada, near Nellis Air Force Base. U.S. Eastern Time at 18:45 on the 21st, a part of the U.S. Air Force pilot assessment of Battalion 422's F/A-22 2, Southern California, Los Angeles, crashed agency March 25, 2010 power, according to foreign reports, a U.S. military's most advanced fighter aircraft F-22 Reported that a test flight is running

U.S. F-22 crash site diagram

F-22 aircraft at Edwards Air Force Base in California today, six miles north of where the crash, a pilot sacrifice. Edwards Air Force Base is located in Los Angeles, 100 km north of the city. There are many possible cause of the accident, according to internal insider's said, is likely to be pilots or improper operation of airborne equipment failures. The accident is under military investigation. F-22, the world's first production is currently the only fourth-generation supersonic fighter aircraft, it has the There is also information on the For the F-22, has been writing more, but related to aircraft characteristics and flight conditions are rare. Fortunately, This paper attempts to obtain information from the interviews, the most prominent from the F-22 flight envelope of flight performance point of view both ends of the aircraft in combat Analysis of the advantages, especially for ultra-mobility and the same famous Su-37 compared to both strength and weakness. 3, Alaska crash November 17, 2010, one stationed in Alaska Ai door Christophe air force to (Elmendorf AFB), under the U.S. Air Force 525 Squadron F-22 during a routine flight training, the local time at 19:40 with the ground control center lost contact, search and rescue pilot 杰佛瑞汉尼 results show Captain (Capt. Jeffrey Haney) before the crash and did not successfully ejected. Survey after the accident aircraft accidents may result from the configuration of the machine on the oxygen generation system (On-Board Oxygen Generating System, OBOGS) has design flaws, when flying at high altitude can cause lack of oxygen caused by the pilot unconscious. Air Combat Command 威廉佛瑞瑟 will (Gen. William Fraser) on May 3, 2011 ordered a number of 165 of its F-22 fleet to stop combat mission indefinitely, and will be limited to 25,000 training flight the height of the following, to clarify the cause of the accident and until the completion of relevant improved. The reason why the training altitude limit of 25,000, is under the pilot if you feel at this altitude breathing difficulties, there will be enough time to emergency oxygen will be reduced to sufficient altitude of 18,000 to avoid accidents.

F-22 fighter

grounded the Air Force May 5, 2011 announcement, F-22 type Air Force said that grounded issued May 3, lifting time without notice, grounded will affect routine training and other tasks. Air Force F-22 is checking all systems, but focus on the oxygen supply system. F-22 fighter (Raptor), or as a negative example F-22 high maintainability, stealth (low observability), and become the star of many military fans in mind. But is this to be the U.S. Air Force fighter ace high hopes, but frequent accidents in recent years, various types of failure messages heard. Recently, the U.S. Air Force decided on the F-22 According to the U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command issued this latest order, F-22's altitude is limited to 7600 m or less. Air Combat Command, led to this decision because, F-22 installed onboard oxygen system is seriously flawed. On-board oxygen system is seriously flawed due to lack of oxygen may lead to coma and the original pilot, U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command in the survey, military combat aircraft, equipment, oxygen systems may be flawed. This is likely to lead to 17 November last year, F-22 fighter crashed in Alaska, the root cause. Fighter aircraft oxygen system is responsible for flying at high altitude oxygen generated in the process, provide a suitable breathing mask to pilot a mixture of gases. The survey shows that the F-22 pilot killed in crash Captain Jeffrey Haney is likely before the incident of severe hypoxia and, therefore, in a coma. We look at 2009 with similar incidents. March 25, 2009, the U.S. military an F-22 fighters in southern California, 56 km northeast of Edwards Air Force Base at the crash test pilot was killed. Killed test pilot named David Levin library has served 21 years in the U.S. Air Force, flying experience. In 2003 he joined Lockheed Martin Corporation, Lockheed Martin and U.S. Air Force F-22 pilots composed of members of the Combined Test Force when the accident occurred is on the F-22 test. U.S. Air Force subsequently cause of the accident investigation. The last survey results published in connection with the incident strikingly similar, that is, the F-22 pilot's physical mobility is beyond the tolerance limits, making the pilot maneuvers the big time overload coma and missed the best time to jump. It now appears, was the big draw conclusions overload lead to coma and hypoxia are not unrelated. According to the U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command's assessment, in the 15,000 meters and higher altitude, the oxygen mask if the activity to stop, the pilot will lose consciousness within 10 seconds. In such a short period of time, the aircraft pilot had no time to be able to breathe enough to reduce the oxygen level. And this why the F-22 will be limited to 7600 m altitude? Because the height is considered the maximum safe altitude, aircraft altitude occurred in the onboard oxygen system to stop operation of the situation, the pilot will have enough time down to 5400 m altitude aircraft - pilots wear oxygen at that altitude without masks can breathe freely. Obviously, the current system in the F-22 oxygen defects is difficult to solve the case of short-term, the first aircraft flight altitude restriction is a no choice. But is this stand-alone cost of your plane with 13 tons of gold, from In 2007, F-22 Olsen, former designer and even prosecution Lockheed Martin stealth paint to conceal defects. Lockheed Martin Olsen's qualifications can be quite deep. In 1979 he began working for the Skunk Works, is responsible for research and development for the new F-117 stealth composite materials; 20 1980, Olsen and in the F-117 and Northrop's B-2 project between bustle back and forth; 1995, Olson finally joined the Lockheed Martin Corporation materials and processes management team, dedicated to the F-22 low-observable system work. Work, Olson found that Lockheed Martin stealth paint quality problems, but his boss told him not to repeatedly clear at the meeting to talk with any of the U.S. Air Force officer. Olsen in 1999, the final result of The fact really is ruthless in his words, in March 2008, an F-22 due to the inlet of a small piece of invisible paint off, and finally involved in the Pratt & Whitney F119 engine, causing the fan blades were damaged, and cause significant flight safety incidents. According to data released by the U.S. Air Force, F-22 since the total flight time since the service is only 70,000 hours, but there have been six times, And The Meanwhile, another four generations of U.S. F-35 fighters were also reported seriously flawed. Earlier this year, the Pentagon report said, F-35 Australian think tank, Should pay attention to the development of high-tech equipment performance and reliability of weapons and equipment from the unity of the basic law of self-development, high performance and high reliability have always in contradiction. Beginning, the U.S. Air Force F-22 position on high, to Therefore, the indicators proposed F-22 high performance over all, apparently this In order to create an all-powerful The huge number of stalls makes it difficult for the progress of the company's production and strict supervision, so inevitably there are regulatory loopholes, which lead to R & D costs have been defense, rather than from the F-22's performance to consider the issue. Meanwhile, bring another one-sided pursuit of high performance does not take into consideration the drawbacks is the use and protection of the follow-up costs, a direct result U.S. Department of Defense test report, F-22 flight one hour every 30 hours will accept the maintenance of the hourly flight costs of 4.4 million, while its predecessor, the F-15 flights per hour average cost is about 30000 U.S. dollars. F-22 even millions of dollars worth of transparent canopy is also a problem, make a pilot in 2006 was trapped for several hours. Depending on the situation Moncler daunenjacke, their life expectancy is only 18 months, each more than 18 months of flight time, the cockpit of the stealth performance will be lost. 18 months to be replaced once a canopy can be described as expensive. The U.S. F-22 from the body of the lessons learned to the F-35 body, and again went to the other extreme. To cut costs, F-35 stealth fact, both in terms of flexibility and speed to play a lot of discounts. According to the U.S. Air Force's future combat mode, F-22 breaking the enemy's defense, the large number of F-35 should be followed up. But if there is no F-22's The above facts tell us that, F-22 and F-35 is not a successful model of four generations of machines, the opposite might just be a negative example. If we in the fourth-generation fighter performance, aerodynamic and structural design blindly follow the footsteps of the United States, the result may be a mere copycat, a lot of investment performance gains may be difficult to compete with their rivals but had lost its own characteristics of the equipment . Characteristics we should win, the use of performance on the

F-22 fighter

U.S. F-22 was allowed to resume flying the Air Force will continue to improve the oxygen supply system 19 September 2011 announced that the Air Force Secretary and Chief of Staff Norton Schwartz 迈克尔唐利 approved related plans, the end of F-22 U.S. F-22 fighter pilot grounded because of in-flight hypoxia. Schwartz said that after full investigation, the Air Force has mastered enough information, you can re-let the He said the Air Force is still active cooperation with the pilots to reduce flight risk, while continuing to study the F-22's oxygen system problems, collect relevant information to improve its performance. According to the Air Force's plan, all active duty F-22 fighter to go through a comprehensive re-examination before God, especially the life support system. Pilots will also undergo a medical examination, and equipped with additional protection devices. The first approved to fly the F-22 flight instructor will be driving, then ordinary fighter pilot will be missed. F-22 fighters in three years, reported a total of 12 pilots from the symptoms of hypoxia. Last November, more a In January this year ordered the U.S. Air Force, This year on May 3, F-22 fighter planes grounded order was issued. U.S. F-22 fighter is a new generation of aircraft, from Lockheed Martin and Boeing research and development, have to avoid radar detection, and a variety of supersonic cruise capability, put into active service in 2005. F-22 fighter is expensive, stand-alone cost of more than $ 140 million. To May 2011, the Air Force a total of 170 such aircraft.

F-22 fighter jets (5) Appendix film in the action movie There have been many films in the U.S. F-22 aircraft in the process of mission fight scene with the spider mite. In the action movie In the meantime, there are four F-22 military fallen King has been destroyed. In 2008 the film In In the In the More entries Atlas Atlas

F-22 fighter Pictures (20)

Atlas (12)

F-22 fighter jets (5) < / p>

entry picture (15)

Further reading: 1

F-22 aircraft, fighter aircraft, F-22, the U.S. military to improve my Topics related articles：

• Eight Bianjing
• Wang Yunrui
• Eight Bianjing