Story Empire State Building

U. S. National Register of Historic Places
U. S. National Historic Landmark History of NYC

Location: 350 Fifth Avenue


New York, New York 10118

U.S.
< br /> Contact:
735,908,36 404454.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404454.36 735,908,36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333; -73.9856556

Architect:

Shreve, Lamb & Harmon
The architectural style (s): Art Deco


Added to NRHP:

November 17, 1982
NHL designated:

June 24, 1986

NYCL designated: May 19, 1981


NRHP Reference #:

82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was developed as the John Thomson Farm in the late eighteenth century. At the time, a stream crossing the site, emptying into the pond panfish, situated one block. From the late nineteenth century, the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria, attended by four hundred, the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb of the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the construction drawings in just two weeks, using its earlier designs for the building Reynolds in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati , Ohio (designed by the architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a base. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building sent a Father's Day card for staff at the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to honor its role as a predecessor of the Empire State Building. The building was designed from top to bottom. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was funded primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. Bridge. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and James Farleys General Builders Supply Corporation provided construction materials. John W. Bowser was superintendent of the construction project.
A worker bolts beams during construction, the Chrysler Building can be seen in the background.

Site excavation began on 22 January 1930, and construction on the building itself started symbolically on March Smiths 17t.Patricks Al Dayer influence as Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many of the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official accounts, five workers died during construction. Smiths Governor grandchildren cut the ribbon on 1 May 1931. Lewis Wickes Hines photography of the construction not only provides valuable material on the construction, but also an insight into the daily life of common workers of that time. Especially the photo of a worker climbing a guy is emblematic of the era and the building itself.

The construction was under intense competition in New York for the title the worlds tallest building. Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each held the title for less than a year as the Empire State Building surpassed them upon its completion, just 410 days after construction began. The building was officially opened May 1, 1931 dramatically when the U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the lights of buildings with the push of a button from Washington, DC Ironically, the first use of tower lights atop the Empire State Building, the following year, was intended to signal the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt to Hoover in the presidential election of November 1932.

Opening

The opening coincided with building the Great Depression in the United States, and therefore much of its office space went without being rented. The vacancy rate for buildings has been exacerbated by its poor location on 34th Street, it has relatively far from public transport, as Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station are all a few blocks away. Other skyscrapers the most successful, such as the Chrysler Building, does not have this problem. In its first year of operation, the observation platform took about $ 2 million, as much money as its owners made in rent this year. The lack of renters led New Yorkers to make fun of the building that the State Building empty. The building would not become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of the Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens and his business partners was brokered by the prominent upper Manhattan real estate firm F. Noyes Charles & Company for a record $ 51 million. At the time, which was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in the history of real estate.

Airship (blimp) terminal
Arrow Art Deco buildings distinctive was designed to be a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. The 102nd floor was originally a landing platform with a walkway of airships. A particular elevator, traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed to transport passengers after they were recording the observation platform at the 86th floor. However, the idea proved to be unrealistic and dangerous after a few attempts with airships, by the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building itself. A large broadcasting tower was added to the top of the spire in 1953.
1945 plane crash

Main article: Collapse of the Empire State Building B-25
crushed by a U.S. Army bomber B-25 on July 28, 1945 9:40 Amon
Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith Jr., crashed into the north of the Empire State Building, between 79th and 80th floors, where offices of the National Catholic Welfare Council were located. Engine reaches the side opposite the impact and flew to the extent that the next block where it landed on the roof of a nearby building, a fire that destroyed a penthouse. The other engine and part of the landing gear fell into an elevator shaft. The fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people were killed in the incident. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a plunge of 75 stories inside an elevator, which still stands as the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was opened for business on several levels on the following Monday. The accident helped spur the passage of the long wait for Tort Claims Act of 1946 Federal and inserting retroactive provisions in the law, allowing people to sue the government of the accident.

A year later, another plane has had a close encounter with the skyscraper. He missed striking the building.

Comparisons and record high
height comparison in buildings in New York

The Empire State Building remained the largest man-made structure in the world for 23 years before he was overtaken by the Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. He was also the largest freestanding structure in the world for 36 years before it was surpassed by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.

Record the world's longest held by the Empire State Building was for the largest skyscraper (to structural height), which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the north tower of World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York, and the second-tallest building in the Americas, currently second only to the Willis Tower in Chicago. When measured by pinnacle height, the Empire State Building is currently the third-tallest building in the Americas, second only nhl jerseys to Willis Tower and the Trump International Hotel and Tower.

1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building at the end. The Chicago Spire is also expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building at the end, but its construction was halted due to financial problems.


Suicides Over the years, more thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. The first suicide took place even before its completion, by a worker who was laid off. The fence around the observatory terrace was established in 1947 after five people tried to jump over a three week period. On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams rose from the 86th floor, only to be pumped onto the 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings


Main article : 1997 Empire State Building shooting

February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman killed seven people on the observation deck, killing one and fatally injure themselves.
Architecture


The Empire State Building (center of image) is the tallest building in New York City

street level view of the Empire State Building
< br /> The Empire State Building rises to 1,250 feet (381 m) on the ground 102nd and including 203 ft (62 m) Pinnacle, reached its height in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 floors of retail space and office space representing 2,158,000 sq ft (200,500 m2). It features an observation deck on the inside and outside the 86th floor. The remaining 16 stories represent the Art Deco tower, which is capped by a 102nd observatory floor. Atop the tower is 203 m (62 m) Pinnacle, much of which is covered by broadcast antennas, a lightning rod on top.

The Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are steps of 1.860 street level to the 103rd floor. It has a total area of ​​2,768,591 sq ft (257,211 m2), the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8094 m2). The building houses 1,000 businesses, and has its own zip code, 10118. In 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building each day, making the Empire State Building the second stop shopping complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are located in a central core, today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. It takes less than a minute by an elevator to the 86th floor, where an observation deck is located. The building has 70 miles (113 km) of driving, 2,500,000 m (760,000 m) of wire, and about 9,000 taps [citation needed] It is heated by steam low pressure. Despite its height, the building does not require between 2 and 3 psi (14 kPa and 21) of pressure of the steam for heating. It weighs about 370,000 tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building was built using Indiana limestone panels.

The Empire State Building cost $ 40,948,900 to build.
A series of setbacks causes the building to decrease with altitude.

Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building displays an art deco design, typical of the pre-World War II architecture in New York. The modernistic stainless steel canopies entries on the 33rd and 34th Streets lead to two stories high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second floor. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.

The lobby is three stories high and offers relief aluminum skyscraper without the antenna, which has not added to the boom in 1952 . The north corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy Rene Nemorov Sparkia and in 1963, describing the building as the eighth wonder of the world, alongside the traditional seven.
Forecast long-term life cycle of the structure been implemented in the design phase to ensure that future buildings intended uses were not restricted by the demands of previous generations. This is particularly evident in the course of designing the buildings electrical system.
Projectors


Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas, as seen from GE

Building Empire State Building with a white light, normal, as seen from New Jersey

In 1964, floodlights were added to illuminate the top of the building during night, in the colors chosen to match seasonal and other events, such as St. Patricks Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and subsequent death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent singers nickname Ol Blue Eyes. After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building was in total darkness for 15 minutes.

Projectors bathed the building in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then annexed to the standard. Traditionally, in addition to the standard calendar, the building will be lit in the colors of New Yorks sports teams on nights, they have home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue for the New York Rangers and so on). The first weekend in June concluded the building bathed in green light for the Belmont Stakes for nearby Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in yellow tennis ball during the U.S. Open tennis tournament in late August and early September. He has twice been illuminated in scarlet to support, near Rutgers University: once for a football game against the University of Louisville, 9 November 2006 and April 3, 2007 when the basketball team Women's basketball played in the national championship.
In 1995, the building was lit in blue, red, green and yellow for the release of Microsofts Windows operating system 95, which was launched with a campaign 300 million.
The building has also been known to be illuminated in purple and white in honor of graduating students from New York University.

Every year in September , the building is lit in black, red and yellow, with the lights top it off (for black) to celebrate German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.

The building was solid green for three days in honor of the Islamic holiday of Eid al-Fitr in October 2007. The lighting, the first for a Muslim holiday, is destined to become an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was lit yellow to signify the DVD release of The Simpsons Movie.

In April 2527, 2008, the building was lit in lavender, pink and white in celebration of international achievements pop diva Mariah Carey in the music world and the release of his eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Citation needed]

In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the famous Broadway Musical Wicked by Stephen Schwartz and Kerry Ellis.
From 2008, the building with New York and many other cities around the world participated in Earth nfl jerseys Hour. The skyscrapers were lights have dimmed for exactly one hour to save energy.

In September 2009, the building was lit overnight in orange, in celebration of the exploration the island of Manhattan by Henry Hudson 400 years ago. The Dutch Prince Willem-Alexander and Princess Maxima van Oranje were present and turned on the lights in the lobby.

In 2009, the building was lit for a night in red and yellow colors People's Republic of China Communist, to celebrate 60 years since its founding, the center of the controversy.

Terraces observation

The Empire State Building is one Observatories of the most popular outdoor worldwide, having been visited by over 110 million people. The 86th floor observation deck offers impressive 360 ​​degree view of the city. There is a second observation deck on the 102nd floor that is open to the public. It was closed in 1999 but reopened in November 2005. It is fully enclosed and much smaller than the first, it can be closed at high traffic days. Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on the 86th floor and an additional amount for the 102nd floor. The lines to enter the observation posts, according to the website of buildings, are as legendary as the building itself: there are five of them: the sidewalk line, the line elevator hall entry, the online ticket purchase, the line of the second lift, and the line for the elevator and on the observation deck. For an additional charge tourists can spend in front of the line.
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The observation deck skyscraper is host to several film, television, and literary classics, including, Year Affair to Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In the Empire literary Latin American Dreams by Giannina Braschi the observation deck is the site of a revolution pastoral shepherds take back the city of New York. The bridge was also the site of a Martian invasion of an old episode of I Love Lucy.

A panoramic view of NYC from the 86th floor observation deck of the Empire State Building, spring 2005

New York Skyride

View Macys

The Empire State Building was also a motion simulator attraction, located on 2nd floor . Opened in 1994 as an addition to the observation deck, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a simulated ride air above the city. The theatrical presentation lasts about 25 minutes.

Since opening, the ride went through two incarnations. The original version, which lasted from 1994 until around 2002, featured James Doohan, Scotty Star Treks, as airplane pilot, who humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm, with the visit by taking a unexpected route in the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among other places. After Sept. 11, however, the ride was closed, and an updated version began in mid-2002 with actor Kevin Bacon as a pilot. The new version of the narrative tried to attract more than education, and included some minor post-9/11 patriotic hues with images retrospective of the World Trade Center. The new flight will also cheap jerseys disordered, but this segment is much shorter than in the original.

Broadcasting Stations

New York City is the largest media market in the U.S. States. Since 2001 the September 11 attacks, almost all commercial stations broadcasting the Citys (both television and FM radio) have transmitted from the top of the Empire State Building, although some FM stations are located near Conde Nast building. Most of New York AM stations broadcasting from across the Hudson River in New Jersey.

Communication devices for broadcasting stations are located atop the Empire State Building .

Broadcasting began at Empire December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television programs with a small antenna erected atop the spire. They rented the 85th floor, and built a laboratory there, ETN 1934CA was joined by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test the system's FM antenna of the Empire. When Armstrong and RCA fell in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the 85th floor became the home of television operations of the ACS, New York, first as experimental station W2XBS channel 1, which later became (July 1, 1941) WNBT commercial station, Channel 1 (now WNBC-TV Channel 4). Geo-blocking FM station (FM-issued, now WQHT) began transmitting from the antenna in 1940. NBC has retained the exclusive use of top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken on consumer complaints that were necessary to trite television stations in New York ( now) seven pass so that the receiving antennas would not have to be constantly adjusted. Building a giant tower began. Other broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, the sister of Fair combining 81 floors, 82nd and 83rd, FM stations along for the ride. Several TV and FM starts from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas wholesale jerseys were constructed ringing the 103rd observation area. When the World Trade Center was under construction, it caused significant problems for television stations, most of which then went to the World Trade Center when it was completed. This helped to renovate the structure of the antenna and transmitter facilities for the benefit of FM stations remaining, who were soon joined by other FMS and UHF TV from elsewhere in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center was a lot of beating antennas and transmitter rooms to accommodate stations go back uptown.
In 2009, the Empire State Building houses the following stations:

TV: WCBS-TV 2, WNBC-TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC-TV 7, WWOR-TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, WPXN-TV 31, 41 WXTV Paterson, 47 WNJU Linden, and WFUT-TV 68 Newark

FM: WXRK 92.3, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT- 97.1 FM, 97.9 FM-WSKQ, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5, WHTZ 100.3 Newark, WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWFS 102.7, 103.5 WKTU Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, WWPR-FM 105.1, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7 and 107.5 WBLS
Empire State Building Run-Up

The Empire State Building Run-Up is a race on foot from ground level to the 86th floor observation deck, which takes place every year since 1978. Its participants are referred to both as runners and as climbers, and are often passionate racing pylons. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) in 1576 and takes action. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian Paul Crake professional cyclist in 2003, at a rate of climb of 6593 m (2010 m) per hour.

In popular culture < br>

Movie: Perhaps the representation of popular culture's most famous building is in the 1933 film King Kong, in which the title character, a giant ape, rises upwards to escape his captors, but falls to his death. In 1983, the 50th anniversary of the film, an inflatable King Kong was placed on the actual construction. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930 in New York, including a final showdown between Kong and biplanes atop a greatly detailed Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was put in a contemporary city of New York held its climactic scene on the towers of World Trade Center.)

The film of the 1939 romantic drama story Love involves a couple who intend to meet atop the Empire State Building, an appointment that is countered by an automobile accident. The film was remade in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and 1994 (again as a love story). The 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy that is partially inspired by An Affair to Remember, culminating with a scene at the Observatory of the Empire State.
Andy Warhols Empire 1964 silent film is one continuous , eight-hour shot of the Empire State Building at night, shot in black and white. In 2004, the National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation in the Library of Congress.

Independence Day film features the Empire State Building, Ground Zero for a alien attack, he is devastated by the primary weapon that incinerates most foreigners in New York.

Many other films that show the Empire State Building are listed on the site of the buildings own .

Television

The Empire State Building featured in the 1966 Doctor Who serial The Chase, in which the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building, and the doctor his companions leave fast enough, however, because the Daleks are behind them. A Dalek is also visible on the roof of the building when she asks a human being. In 2007 Doctor Who episode Daleks in Manhattan and Evolution of the Daleks also presented the building, which are the Daleks building to use as a lightning rod. Russell T Davies said in an article in his mind, the Daleks recall the construction of their last visit.

The Discovery Channel show Mythbusters tested the urban legend that claims that if we remove a penny from the top of the Empire State Building, he could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The result was that when the penny hits the ground, it goes about 65 mph (105 km / h) (speed of an object's mass and shape), which is not fast enough to inflict lethal damage or put a crater in the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the 2003 musical Avenue Q, where a character is waiting at the top of the building for an appointment launches pennies on the sidenly to hit his rival.

HG Literature
Wells 1933 book Science Fiction The Shape of Things to Come, written as a history book published in the distant future, includes the following passage: Until recently, Lower New York was the oldest city in the world, unique in its dark antiquity. The last of the old skyscraper, the Empire State Building, is still currently under demolition in CE 2106!.

In the science fiction novel The Rebel of Radha by Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel) , to be held in a galactic empire is rotten in the distant future, New York is an ancient city that was destroyed and rebuilt many times. Its tallest building and the oldest, covered with ruins piled up to half of its height, is known simply as The Tower Empire, but this is obviously the Empire State Building.

David Macaulay 1980 deconstruction illustrated book is the Empire State Building is bought by a Middle Eastern billionaire and the removed part by part, to be transported to his home country and rebuilt it.

Empire State Building is featured prominently both as a framework and a field device in a large part of Michael CHABONS 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.

In Percy Jackson book series, Mount Olympus is located on the Empire State Building, and there is a special elevator in the building at the 600th floor, which is supposed to be Olympus.
Tenants

Notable Tenants of the building include:

Alitalia, Suite 3700

Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003

Filipino Reporter, Suite 601

Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor

Polish Cultural Institute in New York, Suite 4621

Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118

TAROM Office 1410

The Kings College, Suite 1500

Former tenants include:

China National Tourist Office (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
< br /> National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)

Nathaniel Branden Institute Gallery


A view up the Empire State Building Broadway

The top of the Empire State Building

Looking up

Looking Down

Looking towards Times Square < br /> Art Deco elevators in the lobby

Panoramic view of Manhattan from the observation deck

lights the Empire State Building lights up in yellow and red for p. Y. In 2000. p. p.
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